The Relationship Between Hand Hygiene According to Standard Operational Procedure and Five Moments with the Risk of Phlebitis Incidence

Abstract

Phlebitis ranks first in Indonesia compared to other infections, with 16,435 cases of phlebitis  out of 588,325 patients at risk (Susiyanti et al., 2022). Based on surveillance data from the  Infection Prevention and Control Committee of Ujung Gading Hospital, the incidence of  phlebitis in 2024 reached 10.6% in the first quarter. The cause of phlebitis infection can be  attributed to poor hand hygiene practices among healthcare workers. Nurses perform active  handwashing techniques to eliminate Gram-negative organisms before and after performing  infusion procedures. This study aims to determine the relationship between Hand Hygiene  according to Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) and Five Moments with the risk of  phlebitis in patients at Ujung Gading Hospital.This study employed a descriptive analytic  method with a cross-sectional approach, conducted from May to June 2025, with a population  of 50 people. Sampling was done using total sampling technique with a sample size of 50 nurses  and midwives. The research instrument consisted of observation sheets for hand hygiene  implementation according to SOP and Five Moments, as well as observation of infusion  installation according to SOP. Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analysis.The  results showed that 76% of healthcare workers did not comply with Hand Hygiene according  to SOP and Five Moments, while only 24% complied. Furthermore, only 24% of healthcare  workers complied with infusion installation according to SOP (p-value 0.000 < 0.05). It can  be concluded that there is a relationship between compliance with Hand Hygiene according to  SOP and Five Moments with the risk of phlebitis at Ujung Gading Hospital in 2025. It is  expected that nurses at Ujung Gading Hospital will consistently implement Hand Hygiene  according to SOP and Five Moments before and after performing procedures, especially  infusion installation, to prevent nosocomial infections, particularly phlebitis.